Clinical Observation of Qingre Tiaoxue Decoction Combined with Wuwei Xiaodu Drink in Enema Treatment of Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss clinical effect of comprehensive Qingre Tiaoxue decoction combined with Wuwei Xiaodu drink and enema to sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (syndrome of dampness heat stasis) and to study the moderating effect to immune inflammatory factor. Method:One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group (80 cases) and observation group (80 cases) by random number table. The 73 patients in control group completed the therapy (4 patients were exfoliated or lost to follow-up, 3 patients were eliminate), 74 patients in observation group completed the therapy (4 patients were exfoliated or lost to follow-up, 2 patients were eliminate). Patients in control group got Fuke Qianjin capsules,2 grains/time, 3 times/day, and at the third day after menstruation, addition and subtraction therapy of Wuwei Xiaodu drink with enema for 14 days at every night, 1 dose/day, and enema continued for 2-4 h/day. Based on the treatment of enema in control group, patients in observation group added Qingre Tiaoxue decoction for 3 menstrual cycles, 1 dose/day, and stopping during menstrual cycle. Degree of pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and the degree of pain in the lower abdomen and lumbosacral in the non menstrual period were evaluated by pain visual simulation score (VAS). Before and after treatment, scores of syndrome of dampness heat stasis, Mc Cormack scale, and Summary of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Measurement Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) scale were graded, and vaginal ultrasonography, culture of cervical secretion and routine examination of leucorrhea were detected. And levels of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, T lymphocyte subsets, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 were detected and safety was evaluated. Result:By ANOVA of repeated measurement, after treatment, scores of VAS during dysmenorrheal and VAS during non menstrual period in two groups decreased (P<0.05), and during 3 menstrual cycles, scores of VAS during dysmenorrheal and VAS during non menstrual period in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of physical sign and syndrome of damp heat and stasis were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), score of WHOQOL-BREF was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The depth of pelvic effusion and the volume of pelvic inflammatory mass in observation group were less than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and IL-2 were higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and levels of CD8+, TNF-α and IL-6 were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Comprehensive curative effect in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.028, P<0.05). And curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） Syndrome in observation group was better than that in in control group (Z=2.064, P<0.05). And there were no serious adverse events and adverse reaction caused by Chinese medicine. Conclusion:Comprehensive therapy of Chinese medicine and enema to sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease can improve the clinical symptoms and signs, improve the quality of life of patients, and regulate the cellular immune function and inflammatory factors. It has better comprehensive curative effect and TCM syndrome curative effect, and is safe for clinical use.

Midterm outcome comparison between patients with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the prognosis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) or tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, who underwent TAVR with follow-up time more than one year in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from April 2016 to August 2018, were included. According to aortic CT angiography, the patients were divided into BAV group and TAV group. The primary endpoint was the composite event of all-cause death and stroke, and the secondary endpoints were TAVR-related complications. Incidence of clinical endpoints and parameters derived from echocardiography were compared between the groups, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the composite event between the two groups. Results: A total of 49 patients were included. The age was (73.6±6.3) years, and 25(51.0%) were male. There were 32 patients in BAV group and 17 in TAV group, the follow-up time was 466 (390, 664) days. The incidence of composite endpoint of death and stroke at one year were comparable in BAV and TAV groups (6.3% (2/32) vs. 5.9% (1/17), P=1.00). Kaplan-Meier curves also showed a similar risk of the composite endpoint(HR=1.03，95%CI 0.09-11.24，Log-rank P=0.98) between two groups. The incidence of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, severe bleeding, major vascular complications, new-onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, and permanent pacemaker implantation were all similar between the two groups(all P>0.05), and there was no acute kidney injury (stage 2 or 3) in both groups. Echocardiographic parameters at one year were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The midterm prognosis of TAVR in patients with BAV and TAV stenosis is similar. Clinical trials of large sample size with long-term follow-up are warranted to verify our findings.

Apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A total of 40 rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group (A, n=10) and an experimental group (EXP, n=30). Explosion-induced chest-ALI models were prepared and sampled at different time points (4, 12, and 24h after modeling, T1-T3) to test the lung dry weight/wet weight ratio (W/D) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), apoptosis of lung tissue by the TUNEL assay, and Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, lung tissue was sampled to observe pathological morphology by microscopy. Results: Under a light microscope, Group EXP exhibited obvious edema in the pulmonary interstitial substance and alveoli, a large number of red blood cells, inflammatory cells, and serous exudation in the alveolar cavity, as well as thickening of the pulmonary interstitial fluid. Compared to Group A, the W/D ratio was significantly increased in Group EXP (P<0.01), while PaO2 was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The apoptosis index was significantly increased (P<0.01), and caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury in rabbits by participating in lung injury and promoting the progression of ALI.

Comparison of methods for stable co-expression of different subtype drug-matabolizing enzymes in HepG2 cells by piggyBac transposon / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the methodology of achieving stable co-expression of drug-metab?olizing enzymes in the HepG2 cells by the piggyBac (PB) transposon system. METHODS N-terminal attachment of enhanced green fluorscent protein plasmid (pEGFP- N2) and 2A peptide linked recombinant PB transposon plasmid containing dual-genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes cyto?chrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP2C19 (pPB-CYP3A4-2A-2C19) were transfected into HepG2 cells respectively by Lipofectamine?LTX reagent, GenJetTM (Ver.Ⅱ) reagent and Neon?Transfection System reagent, which were widely used for large-sized DNA fragments transfection. 48 h later, the transfection efficiency and cell toxicity were detected and compared between the three methods so as to find a method with relatively high efficiency and low toxicity for later transfection.Then,three groups of recombinant PB transposons-single-gene transposon (PB-CYP3A4), 2A peptide linked dual-gene transposon (PB-CYP3A4-2A-2C19) and multiple single-gene transposon mixture〔PB-CYP3A4, PB-CYP2C8, PB-CYP2A6, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 PB transposon (PB-OATP1B1)〕-were transfected into HepG2 cells respectively with the above established method.The puromycin (Puro)-resistant and GFP positive cell clones were picked up and further cultured. The mRNA, protein and metabolic levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in monoclonal cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry respectively after screening by Puro and green fluorescence. Comparisons of different groups were made using statistical analysis. RESULTS The comparison of three different transfection methods indi?cated that the transfection efficiency of GenJetTMwas up to(94.2±2.5)% and (89.3±3.3)%,significantly higher than those of the other two methods (P<0.01), along with lower cytotoxicity. Then GenJetTMwas chosen for later transfection. In the Puro-resistant monoclonal cell lines of single transposon PB-CYP3A4,PB-CYP3A4-2A-2C19 groups,the mRNA,protein and enzyme activity levels of drug-metabo?lizing enzymes were significantly increased respectively.The recombinant transposon (PB-CYP3A4-2A-2C19) containing 2A peptide could achieve stable and efficient co-expression of two metabolizing enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C19,while the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes remained unbal?anced and random in those of multiple single-gene transposon mixture group (PB-CYP3A4, PB-CYP2C8,PB-CYP2A6,PB-OATP 1B1)(CYP3A4 was expressed in some cell clones only).CONCLUSION GenJetTM could be an effective method for the PB recombinant transposon transfection into HepG2 cells, by which the PB transposon could mediate stable expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. In terms of multi-gene expression,a low and unbalanced expression is found by multiple transposons co-transfection method,which is different from that by virus mediated method.In contrast,mono-PB trans?poson linked by 2A peptide can achieve stable expression of multi-genes.

Impact of Different Hospitals on Reperfusion Time in Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients from Regional Cooperative Chest Pain Center / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of different hospitals on reperfusion time in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from regional cooperative chest pain center (CPC).Methods:A total of 364 STEMI patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 18 months before and after CPC establishment were enrolled.Based on hospital levels,the patients were divided into 2 groups:Initial PCI hospital group,n=197 and Initial non-PCI hospital group,n=167.According to hospital visiting time,Initial PCI hospital group was further divided into 2 subgroups as Green channel subgroup,n=91 and CPC subgroup,n=106;Initial non-PCI hospital group was further divided into 2 subgroups as Routine referral subgroup,n=71 and CPC referral subgroup,n=96.Total ischemia time,from onset to first medical contact (S-FMC) time,from S-FMC to balloon dilatation (FMC2B) time,from hospital visit to balloon dilatation (D2B) time were compared among relevant patients;the impact factors for total ischemia time were studied by multivariate regression analysis.Results:Compared with Routine referral subgroup,the following parameters were shortened in CPC referral subgroup:total ischemia time 325 (236,1185) min vs 367 (214,1340) min,P＜0.05;FMC2B time 115 (82,227) min vs 149 (94,483) min,P＜0.05;D2B time 69 (35,195) min vs 105 (55,260) min,P＜0.05.Compared with CPC referral subgroup,the following parameters were further shortened in Initial PCI hospital group:total ischemia time 283 (168,873) min vs 325 (236,1185) min,P＜0.05;FMC2B time 78 (45,265) min vs 115 (82,227) min,P＜0.05.Multivariate linear regression analysis presented that high school or above education (β=-0.117,P=0.047),arrived PCI hospital within 60 min of onset (β=-0.243,P=0.000)and using initial PCI hospital (β=-0.175,P=0.000) were the independent impact factors for total ischemia time in STEMI patients.Conclusion:Regional cooperative CPC may shorten FMC2B time by patients' referral;visiting PCI hospital within 60 min of onset was the best way to reduce total isehemia time in STEMI patients.

Impacts of the regional cooperative chest pain center on the therapeutic time and the short term outcome of patients with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the impact of the regional cooperative chest pain center (CPC) on therapeutic time and short term outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of patients with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction.Methods 372 patients with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction were enrolled in the study who had received were operated primary PCI 18 months before and after the regional cooperative CPC was set up.There were 156 patients in the green channel group before the setup of CPC and 216 patients in the CPC group.Total ischemia time,first medical contact (FMC) time,FML-to-balloon (FMC2B) time,door-to-balloon (D2B) time,hospital mortality rates,cardiac failure rates on the next day after PCI,length of CCU stays and hospital stays were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to the green channel group,total ischemia time[(281.0±102.7)min vs.(365.2±115.6)min,P＜0.05],FMC time [(174.3±97.5) min vs.(225.4±104.6) min,P＜0.05],FMC2B time [(106.7±61.2) min vs.(139.8±75.7) min,P＜0.05] and D2B time [(75.2±45.4) min vs.(102.4±53.7) min,P＜0.05] of the CPC group were significant shorter.The rates of reaching the standard of FMC2B time (70.83％ vs.34.62％,P＜0.001) and D2B time (75.93％ vs.40.38％,P＜0.001)were significantly higher in the CPC group.Cardiac failure rates on the next day after PCI was lower in the CPC group (14.35％ vs.23.72％,P=0.021),and CCU stays was shorter [(64.3±13.72)h vs.(92.6±15.65)h,P=0.043].Conclusions Establishment of a standardized regional cooperative CPC requires combination and consideration of the characteristics of local resources FMC2B time and D2B time of STEMI patients can be shorten by a standardized CPC lending to further shortening of total ischemia time and improvement in cardiac function.

Impact of Different Hospitals on Reperfusion Time in Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients from Regional Cooperative Chest Pain Center / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of different hospitals on reperfusion time in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from regional cooperative chest pain center (CPC).Methods:A total of 364 STEMI patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 18 months before and after CPC establishment were enrolled.Based on hospital levels,the patients were divided into 2 groups:Initial PCI hospital group,n=197 and Initial non-PCI hospital group,n=167.According to hospital visiting time,Initial PCI hospital group was further divided into 2 subgroups as Green channel subgroup,n=91 and CPC subgroup,n=106;Initial non-PCI hospital group was further divided into 2 subgroups as Routine referral subgroup,n=71 and CPC referral subgroup,n=96.Total ischemia time,from onset to first medical contact (S-FMC) time,from S-FMC to balloon dilatation (FMC2B) time,from hospital visit to balloon dilatation (D2B) time were compared among relevant patients;the impact factors for total ischemia time were studied by multivariate regression analysis.Results:Compared with Routine referral subgroup,the following parameters were shortened in CPC referral subgroup:total ischemia time 325 (236,1185) min vs 367 (214,1340) min,P＜0.05;FMC2B time 115 (82,227) min vs 149 (94,483) min,P＜0.05;D2B time 69 (35,195) min vs 105 (55,260) min,P＜0.05.Compared with CPC referral subgroup,the following parameters were further shortened in Initial PCI hospital group:total ischemia time 283 (168,873) min vs 325 (236,1185) min,P＜0.05;FMC2B time 78 (45,265) min vs 115 (82,227) min,P＜0.05.Multivariate linear regression analysis presented that high school or above education (β=-0.117,P=0.047),arrived PCI hospital within 60 min of onset (β=-0.243,P=0.000)and using initial PCI hospital (β=-0.175,P=0.000) were the independent impact factors for total ischemia time in STEMI patients.Conclusion:Regional cooperative CPC may shorten FMC2B time by patients' referral;visiting PCI hospital within 60 min of onset was the best way to reduce total isehemia time in STEMI patients.

Decrease of glomerular filtration rate may be attributed to the microcirculation damage in renal artery stenosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The decrease of glomerular filtration rate has been theoretically supposed to be the result of low perfusion in renal artery stenosis (RAS). But the gap between artery stenosis and the glomerular filtration ability is still unclear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with selective renal artery angiogram were divided by the degree of renal artery narrowing, level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. The different levels of eGFR, renal microcirculation markers, and RAS severity were compared with each other, to determine the relationships among them.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 215 consecutive patients were enrolled in the prospective cohort study. Concentrations of microcirculation markers had no significant difference between RAS group (RAS ≥ 50%) and no RAS group (RAS < 50%) or did not change correspondingly to RAS severity. The value of eGFR in RAS group was lower than that in the no RAS group, but it did not decline parallel to the progressive severity of RAS. The microcirculation markers presented integral difference if grouped by different eGFR level with negative tendency, especially that plasma cystatin C (cysC) and urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio (mACR) increased with the deterioration of eGFR, with strong (r = -0.713, P < 0.001) and moderate (r = -0.580, P < 0.001) correlations. In the subgroup analysis of severe RAS (RAS ≥ 80%), the levels of plasma cysC and urinary mACR demonstrated stronger negative associations with eGFR, (r = -0.827, P < 0.001) and (r = -0.672, P < 0.001) correlations, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Severity of RAS could not accurately predict the value of eGFR, whereas microcirculation impairment may substantially contribute to the glomerular filtration loss in patients with RAS.</p>

Analysis of coronary rotational atherectomy related complications / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the complications of coronary rotational atherectomy and evaluate the safety of this procedure.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 250 rotational atherectomy cases from April 1994 to February 2012 were screened retrospectively and 22 cases patients (8.8%) with rotational atherectomy-related complications were included in this analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among these 22 patients, all lesions were either type B2 or C calcified lesions as evidenced by coronary angiography. After the rotation procedure, there were seven cases (2.8%) with slow reflow and two (0.8%) cases with no reflow. Seven cases (2.8%) developed severe coronary spasm and two cases (0.8%) had sinus bradycardia. Coronary dissection occurred in two cases (0.8%), while one case (0.4%) had coronary perforation and cardiac tamponade. Burr entrapment happened in one case (0.4%). There was no malignant arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, emergent coronary artery bypass graft or device related death during and post procedure. Comparison with baseline data, the concentration of CK-MB elevated significantly after the rotational atherectomy [(31.2 ± 4.8) mmol/L vs. (11.4 ± 6.5) mmol/L, P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coronary rotational atherectomy is safe and procedure-related complications are rare.</p>

Perioperative aortic dissection rupture after endovascular stent graft placement for treatment of type B dissection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The perioperative aortic dissection (AD) rupture is a severe event after endovascular stent graft placement for treatment of type B AD. However, this life-threatening complication has not undergone systematic investigation. The aim of the study is to discuss the reasons of AD rupture after the procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The medical record data of 563 Stanford type B AD patients who received thoracic endovascular repair from 2004 to December 2011 at our institution were collected and analyzed. Double entry and consistency checking were performed with Epidata software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve patients died during the perioperation after thoracic endovascular repair, with an incidence of 2.1%, 66.6% were caused by aortic rupture and half of the aortic rupture deaths were caused by retrograde type A AD. In our study, 74% of the non-rupture surviving patients had the free-flow bare spring proximal stent implanted, compared with 100% of the aortic rupture patients (74% vs. 100%, P = 0.213). The aortic rupture patients are more likely to have ascending aortic diameters = 4 cm (62.5% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.032), involvement the aortic arch concavity (62% vs. 27%, P = 0.041) and have had multiple stents placed (P = 0.039).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Thoracic AD endovascular repair is a safe and effective treatment option for AD with relative low in-hospital mortality. AD rupture may be more common in arch stent-graft patients with an ascending aortic diameter = 4 cm and with severe dissection that needs multi-stent placement. Attention should be paid to a proximal bare spring stent that has a higher probability of inducing an AD rupture. Post balloon dilation should be performed with serious caution, particularly for the migration during dilation.</p>

Vulnerable plaque burden post pharmacological and interventional treatments in patients with acute coronary syndrome and borderline lesion: intravascular ultrasound follow up results / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and safety between the interventional and conservative treatment options for borderline vulnerable plaque lesion in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 ACS patients [78 male, age 43 - 74 (60.4 ± 14.1) years] undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) with borderline lesion (coronary artery stenosis between 50% - 70%) were enrolled in May 2007 to February 2009, who were randomly divided into PCI group (50 patients) and conservative therapy group (50 patients). According to minimal lumen area (MLA) detected by IVUS, patients were further divided into MLA ≥ 4.0 mm(2) sub-group and MLA < 4.0 mm(2) sub-groups. Outcomes during hospitalization and after 10 - 12 month follow-up were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IVUS was performed in 40 patients at 10 - 12 months post PCI, there was no in-stent thrombosis and the extent of stent neointimal hyperplasia was comparable as at the time of immediately post PCI. IVUS was performed in 35 patients at 10 - 12 months post conservative therapy, IVUS results showed that MLA increased significantly [(7.32 ± 1.42) mm(2) vs. (4.98 ± 0.89) mm(2), P < 0.01], while plaque area [(7.70 ± 2.09) mm(2) vs. (10.01 ± 2.55) mm(2), P < 0.05], plaque burden [(55.94 ± 8.36)% vs. (67.97 ± 9.36)%] and low echo area [(4.08 ± 0.80) mm(2) vs. (2.27 ± 0.79) mm(2)] were significantly decreased at follow up compared to those as baseline (all P < 0.01). There was one patient in PCI group with MLA ≥ 4.0 mm(2) developed acute in-stent thrombosis in left anterior descending artery two days after the procedure and 9 patients in conservative therapy and MLA < 4.0 mm(2) group received PCI due to recurrent angina pectoris during follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the borderline lesion with MLA ≥ 4.0 mm(2) detected by IVUS, adequate medication could effectively attenuate and or reverse the plaque progression and stabilize plaque.</p>

Intravascular ultrasound-guided interventional therapy for borderline lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided interventional therapy for borderline lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ASC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one ASC patients with borderline lesions (coronary artery stenosis between 40%-70% confirmed by coronary arteriography [CAG]) and a minimal lumen area (MLA) of the infarction related artery(IRA) < or =4.0 mm(2) shown by IVUS underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Another 31 PCI cases without IVUS were also enrolled as the control group. The minimal luminal diameter, cross section luminal area, total cross section, plaque area and area stenosis rate were measured before and after stent deployment at a conventional or higher pressure in the IVUS group. All the patients were followed up for 10-12 months and clinically evaluated 1, 3, 6 month and 12 months after the procedure to collect the data of angina recurrence, myocardial infarction and revascularization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 31 cases were successfully stented with satisfied CAG results (with residual stenosis <0, TIMI flow grade III) and without dissection or any related complications. Among the 32 stents, 28 showed insufficient adherence or underexpansion (stent malapposition) to require 18-20 atm dilation or another high pressure balloon to attain the adequate IVUS results. CAG and IVUS were repeated in 22 patients (70.97%) of the IVUS group during the 10 to 12 months of follow up. No stent restenosis occurred with the in-stent diameter late loss >50%, nor was in-stent thrombus found by IVUS. Endomembrane proliferation was found but without any significant difference. Minimal stent lumen area were not significantly different from the immediate results after PCI (10.12-/+1.15 mm(2) vs 8.98-/+2.12 mm(2), P>0.05). The 31 patients in the control group were successfully stented with satisactory CAG results, but 3 suffered angina at 3-6 months who showed stent restenosis and insufficient stent adherence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IVUS can more effectively guide the interventional therapy for ACS borderline lesions and assess the immediate efficacy of therapy than CAG. Post-dilation with higher pressure (16-20 atm) guided by IVUS can further improve the procedural results. IVUS-guided PCI for ACS borderline lesions ensures high immediate and long-term success rate.</p>

Survey on Prevalence of Childhood Sleep Disturbances in Children Aged 3-12 years in Wuxi City / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To understand the sleeping time and the prevalence of sleep disturbances in children aged 3-12 years in Wuxi city.Methods Two thousand and three hundred seventy six children aged 3-12 years were investigated with questionnaires from June to September 2003.Results The average sleep time of 1 day in each age group was 11.61,10.91,10.68,10.27,9.81, 9.67,9.61,9.57,9.60,9.61 hours, respectively. The total prevalence of sleep disturbance was 25.5%. Among them, the sleep snoring prevalence was 7.8%; choke/gargling was 0.63%;mouth breathing was 6.6%;sleep apnea was 0.34%;rubbing teeth was 7.7%;sleep talking was 4.2%;somnambulate was 0.63%;enuresis was 1.4%;limber spasm was 3.2%;sleep inquietude was 6.2%。Conclusion Prevalence of sleep disturbance in children age 3-12 years was high and sleep time was shorter in Wuxi than that in other cities.